Vomit Phobia, Panic, Effects
Defining Emetophobia
Fear is defined as “a basic, intense emotion aroused by the detection of imminent threat, involving an immediate alarm reaction that mobilizes the organism by triggering a set of psychological changes” (American Psychological Association, 2018, para. 1).
Fear is typically a short-term response to a clearly identifiable threat (American Psychological Association, 2018).
Emetophobia is defined as an intense fear of vomiting. Individuals may fear vomiting themselves or witnessing others vomit (Petell & Bilsky, 2025; Verwoerd et al., 2016). Emetophobia is a type of specific phobia.
Panic Attacks and Cognitive Factors in Specific Phobia
Individuals with specific phobias may experience cued panic attacks, which occur in response to a trigger (e.g., seeing someone vomit), or uncued panic attacks, which appear to arise without an identifiable cause. Regardless of type, the physiological symptoms are similar (Boschen, 2007).
Effects of Emetophobia
Emetophobia involves fears related to vomiting, contamination, loss of control, and negative social evaluation (Van Overveld et al., 2007). Many individuals anticipate profound embarrassment or shame if they vomit in public and may recall distressing interpersonal reactions to past episodes (Veale et al., 2012). Vomiting-related cues can trigger intrusive memories and worst-case imaginings that reinforce fear (Holler et al., 2013).
Avoidance is a core feature and can significantly disrupt daily functioning. Food-related avoidance is common, including restricting foods perceived as unsafe or avoiding eating outside the home (Lipsitz et al., 2001). Individuals may also avoid travel, restaurants, public transportation, alcohol-related events, amusement parks, medical procedures, or pregnancy due to perceived vomiting risk (Veale et al., 2012). In severe cases, dietary restriction may result in significant weight loss.
Safety-seeking behaviors are also prevalent. These may include repeatedly checking food freshness, overcooking meals, monitoring bodily sensations, seeking reassurance from others, and engaging in excessive hygiene practices to prevent illness (Keyes et al., 2018; Veale & Lambrou, 2006). Some individuals carry antacids or other items to manage anticipated nausea (Maack et al., 2013).
References
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